Fabric Defects and Their Causes
Bhavdip Paldiya
Dept. of Textile Technology
Sarvajanik College of Engineering & Technology, Surat, India
Cell: +91 9662020909
Email: bhavdipk9009@gmail.com
Introduction:
Fabric defects can have various reasons caused by raw material, the spinning process, weaving, knitting and dying. Fabric defects are responsible for major defects found by the garment industry. Due to the increasing demand for quality fabrics, high quality requirements are today greater since customer has become more aware of “Non-quality” problems. In this article i have discussed different types of faults and their causes and remedies.
Fabric Defects and Their Causes
|
Sr.
no.
|
Defect
Name
|
Appearance
|
Cause
|
Responsibility
of weaver
|
|
1
|
Crack
|
Too few picks
per inch in a certain area.
|
A. Bad start up procedure
by weaver
B. let of or take up worn or broken
C. improper tension on warp
D. weft feeler problem
|
A. more care required while pick finding,
B. stop loom, call
supervisor or mechanic
|
|
2
|
Float
|
Distortion of in
weft direction
generally
accompanies
with warp break
|
A. fluff or knot behind the reed .
B. spare end weaving in
C. knot with long tails.
D. warp stop motion not
working not working
|
Remove the cause
|
|
3
|
Wrong
Drawing
|
Irregular pattern
warp way in the
cloth.
|
Weaver incorrectly drawing in the healds.
|
Correct the draw
|
|
4
|
Leno
Problem
|
Leno end not
holding
correctly
|
A. wrong drawing in leno
device
B. build up of dirt or fly.
C. wrong tension on ends D. faulty leno device.
|
A. correct the draw
B. clean off
C. adjust tension
D. call mechanic
|
|
5
|
Missing
End
|
Warp line, thin
gap in warp
direction
|
A. fluff in drop wires.
B. warp stop motion not
working.
C. missing drop wire .
D. electrical fault.
E. incorrect setting of warp
stop motion.
|
A. blow the air regularly.
B. inform mechanic supervisor.
C. replace it.
d. inform super visor.
E. inform supervisor.
|
|
6
|
Design
Mistake
|
Incorrect
design
|
A. wrong design put in
microprocessor
|
Stop loom and inform
supervisor
|
|
7
|
Wrong
Weft
|
In correct weft
|
In correct count or colour of
weft
|
Ensure correct use of
weft and always check
weft as per loom card.
|
|
8
|
Slough
Off
|
loose coils of
weft in
the fabric.
|
Bad cones, or incorrect
tension.
|
Replace the cone or
inform supervisor.
|
|
9
|
Pull
Terry
|
Pile end are
pulled/cut
across the
fabric width
|
In foreign bodies come in
contact with needle ,needle
could be damaged or take
up motion problem .
|
Inform supervisor
/mechanic
|
|
10
|
Reverse
Terry
|
Pile formation in
plain portion of
cloth
|
Pile/ground beam tension
problem
|
Inform
supervisor/mechanic.
|
|
11
|
Starting
Mark
|
Think or thin
places at the
start up the
loom .
|
Incorrect loom setting
|
Call mechanic/ inform
supervisor
|
|
12
|
Defective
Selvedge
|
No fringes from
cutters cloth
may be cut.
|
Wrong position selvage
0cutters
|
Replace the end until
end is clean.
|
|
13
|
Defective
Border
|
Warp line
|
Reed dent s bent or
damaged
|
Flag fixer
|
|
14
|
Oil Stain
|
Warp line
corresponding
to the temple
|
Damaged or broken temple
rings.
|
Flag fixer
|
|
15
|
Shade
Variation
|
Selvage ends
weaving
incorrectly
|
Weaver incorrectly drawing
in selvage ands
|
Stop loom and correct
|
|
16
|
Dobby
Held
Problem
|
Heavy line warp
way
|
Two ends in the same
heddle
|
Remove extra end
|
|
17
|
Reed
Mark
|
Visible line warp
way in the cloth
|
A. weaver error
B. portion of yarn with
incorrect twist.
C. fault in warping or
drawing in.
|
A. weaver fault
B. remove and mark the
end.
C. Flag fixer
|
|
18
|
Uneven
Pile
Height
|
Visible line filling
way in the cloth
|
A. broken filling not
completely removed
B. pick finding incorrect
C. faulty filling detector.
|
A. weaver fault
B. weaver fault
C. Flag fixer
|
|
19
|
Emery
Mark
|
Thick line
across cloth
|
A. Incorrect pike finding
B. reserve cone caught and
running
|
A. weaver fault
B. weaver fault; correct
|
|
20
|
Damage
Mark
|
Filling bar
|
A. wrong cone creeled
B. mixed yarn in spinning or
winding
|
A. weaver fault
B. stop loom, flag
supervisor
|
Editor-in-Chief:
Mazharul Islam Kiron is a textile consultant and researcher on online business promotion. He is working with one European textile machinery company as a country agent. He is also a contributor of Wikipedia.
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